PoLiMeR - Polymers in the Liver: Metabolism and Regulation

In biomedical text mining, named entity recognition (NER) is an important task used to extract information from biomedical articles. Improving the NER’s performance will directly have a positive impact on extracting relations between those entities. In recent years, deep learning has become the main research direction of NER due to the development of effective models. Language transformer models like e.g. BERT are frequently used because they enable the specialisation of models by domain-specific ...

Biomedical pre-trained language models (BioPLMs) have been achieving state-of-the-art results for various biomedical text mining tasks. However, prevailing fine-tuning approaches naively train BioPLMs on targeted datasets without considering the class distributions. This is problematic, especially with dealing with imbalanced biomedical gold-standard datasets for named entity recognition (NER). Regardless of the high-performing SOTA fine-tuned NER models, they are biased towards other (O) tags ...

Validation of model's ability to predict oxygen consumption flux as measured usign permeabilised cells in an Oroboros Oxygraph. Generates Fig. 2A in the associated publication.

Download "Model_notebooks.rar", unzip, and run: "2, generate-model-Oroboros-validation-[needs(1)]-20221109.nb" and "4, Fig2A-Oroboros-simulation-data-[needs-(1-2-and-3)]-20221109.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb"

Validation of model's ability to predict whole-body ketogeneic flux as extracted form Fletcher et al. (2019). Generates Fig. 2B in the associated publication.

Download "Model_notebooks.rar", unzip, and run: "2, generate-model-Oroboros-validation-[needs(1)]-20221109.nb" and "5, Fig2B-ketogenesis-validation-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb"

Testing the model's ability to predict palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA dehydrogenation in human liver lysate, with and without anti-MCAD and anti-VLCAD antibodies. Generates Fig. 2 C and D in the associated publication. Data from Aoyama et al. (1995).

Downoad and unzip "Model_notebooks.rar" and run "6, Fig2C+D-ACAD-partitioning-validation-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb".

Minireviews about each enzyme in the mitochindrial beta-oxidation model on which the final parameter choices (fixed-parameter model) and parameter sampling distributions (ensemble) were based.

Prediction of patient urinary acylcarnitine under metabolic decompensation. Generates Fig. 3, Table 1, and Table S2 in the associated publication.

Download and unzip "Model_notebooks.rar" and run "7, Fig3+4+S1+S3-ACADDs-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb"

Based on odendaal1, a control model is made and compared to model deficient for short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCADD, 0%), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCADD, 0%), and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCADD, 10%). With and withou metabolite partitioning, and with a fixed mitohondrial free CoASH. Generates Figures 3, 4, S1, S2, and S3 in the related paper.

Download "Model_notebooks.rar", unzip, and run: "7, Fig3+4+S1+S3-ACADDs-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb" and "14, ...

Calculation of control and response coefficients. Generates Fig. 5, Fig. S4, and Table S2 in the associated publication.

Download "Model_notebooks.rar", unzip, and run: "8, Fig5-control-coefficients-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb", "9, TableS2-response-coefficients-[needs-(1)]-20230302.nb", and "15, FigS4-control-coefficients-low-AcetylCoA-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb"

Incrementally increase the activity of some target rescue enzymes from 20% of default expression to 200% of default expression in a control and MCADD model to see if flux and CoASH concentration are rescued. Generates Fig. 6, S5, and S6.

Download "Model_notebooks.rar", unzip, and run "11, Fig6+S5-rescues-[needs-(1-and-10)]-20221109.nb", "10, Fig6B-inset-rescues-(low-acetylCoA)-[needs-(1)]-20221109.nb", and "16, FigS6-rescues-20221109-fixed-[needs-(1)]-CoASH.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb" ...

Creation of personalised models of control, symptomatic MCADD, asymptomatic MCADD, and early diagnosis MCADD individuals using fibroblast proteomics to adjust model Vmaxes. Generates Fig. 7 and S7.

Download and unzip "Model_notebooks.rar" and run "13, Fig7-personalised-models-[needs-(1-and-12)]-20221109.nb" after running "1, generate-model-20221109.nb" and "12, Fig7-S7-preprocessing-[needs-(1)-]-20221109.nb".

Protein measurement used to normalised the oxygen consumption flux measured on an Oroboros oxygraph.

Measured in an Oroboros oxygraph.

Proteomics from MCADD and control individuals' fibroblasts.

Transcriptome analysis suggests a compensatory role of the cofactors coenzyme A and NAD+ in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase knockout mice. During fasting, mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation (mFAO) is essential for the generation of glucose by the liver. Children with a loss-of-function deficiency in the mFAO enzyme medium-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) are at serious risk of life-threatening low blood glucose levels during fasting in combination with intercurrent disease. However, ...

We performed network analysis to investigate the dysregulated biological processes in the disease progression and revealed the molecular mechanism underlying NAFLD C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard mouse chow diet and housed in a 12‐h light–dark cycle. From the age of 8 weeks, the mice were then divided into two groups of 5 mice fed with chow diet, 4 mice fed with high-sucrose diet for 3 weeks, respectively. At the age of 11 weeks, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis on tissue ...

In this study, we used publically available dataset from gene expression omnibus (GEO):

Transcriptomic analysis of liver biopsies that cover the spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease reveals genes that are progressively regulated over the course of the disease. This study demonstrates that progressive changes in expression of these genes can be used to approximate the histological grade of a liver biopsy. Furthermore, the relative progression profiles of these disease-responsive genes are ...

In this study, we used publically available dataset from gene expression omnibus (GEO):

The pathophysiological mechanisms that drive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression remain poorly understood. This multicenter study characterized the transcriptional changes that occur as liver disease progresses. 216 snap frozen liver biopsies, comprising 206 NAFLD cases with different fibrosis stages and 10 controls were studied. Samples underwent high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study ...

This folder contains the python code for developing weighted loss trainer (WeLT) with all the expiremnatal work. Here is the link for our public [GitHub repository] (https://github.com/mobashgr/WELT.git).

Adjusted model to test the model's ability to oxygen consumption rate by permeabilised HepG2 cells in an Oroboros oxygraph. Data from Fletcher et al. (2019).

Adjusted model to test the model's ability to predict palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA dehydrogenation in human liver lysate, with and without anti-MCAD and anti-VLCAD antibodies. Data from Aoyama et al. (1995).

Human mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation of saturated, even chain acyl-Coas beginning at C16. See Model description for detail.

Unzip model notebooks and keep in the same folder. Notebook names state which notebooks need to be run before them in order for them to word, e.g. "[needs-(1)]" indicates that the notebook numbered 1 must be run and its exported output generated before the given notebook can work. This has to do with the model being generated in only one notebook to avoid duplication.

Standard Operating Procedure describes the labeling of eukaryotic RNA with aminoallyl labeled nucleotides via first strand cDNA synthesis followed by a coupling of the aminoallyl groups to either Cyanine 3 or 5 (Cy 3/Cy5) fluorescent molecules (published by The Institute For Genomic Research

This guidlines has been developed by Rita Volkers from Wageningen University for IBISBA project, as example to use

FAIRDOM: hands-on basic training

Medium-/short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35)

Medium-chain ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16)

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (UniProt: P40939)

Acyl-CoA thioesterases (EC 3.1.2.1. and EC 3.1.2.2)

L-carnitine as conserved moiety

CoA as conserved moiety

Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrion as constant metabolite

NADH and NAD+ (Nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide) as constant values.

Oxidised and reduced electron transferring flavoprotein as constant values.

Volume per mg mitochondrial protein of mitochondrion and cytosol.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (EC 2.3.1.21)

The theory, calculations, and conditions that went into estimating the Keqs.

Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase (UniProt: O43772)

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.1.21)

Carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7)

Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.2)

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3)

Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.8.9)

Crotonase / Enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17)

A short description of the experiments conducted to decide on HepG2 cells as the appropriate line for the generation of an MCAD knockout. IHH, Hep3B, HepG2, and HUH-7 cells were all consdered.