Salmon farming in the future must navigate conflicting and shifting demands of sustainability, shifting feed prices, disease, and product quality. The industry needs to develop a flexible, integrated basis of knowledge for rapid response to new challenges. The Digital Salmon will be an ensemble of mathematical descriptions of salmon physiology, combining mathematics, high-dimensional data analysis, computer science and measurement technology with genomics and experimental biology into a concerted ...

Salmon farmed on modern feeds contains less of the healthy, long-chain fatty acids (EPA and DHA) than before. Up until the turn of the millennium, farmed salmon were fed fish oil as a replacement for their omega-3 rich natural prey. However, fish oil is now a scarce resource, and more than half of the fat in modern feeds comes from plant oils that are inexpensive, but devoid of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. How can we increase the omega-3 content of salmon on sustainable feeds?

One option is ...

Atlantic salmon is a main source of essential ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in many Western diets, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). However, farmed salmon meat now contains less healthy ω-3 fatty acids (FA) than before, due to the shift from marine to vegetable lipid feed sources. An important future aquaculture challenge is therefore to maintain a healthy and high EPA/DHA content when farmed salmon is fed a vegetable ...

This experiment is designed to pinpoint where in the metabolic network there are differences between salmon of different genetic families and on different diets. Analyses of this material will help inform feeding and breeding strategies.

Salmon will be reared on feeds with contrasting levels of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Then some fish will be crossed over to the other diet while others remain as controls. This perturbation of diet should provoke changes in omega-3 metabolism ...

Muscle samples (fresh water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Negative mode lipidomics of muscle samples from saltwater sampling.

Muscle samples (salt water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Liver samples (salt water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Liver samples (fresh water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Liver samples (fresh water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Muscle samples (fresh water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Salmon feed experiment: Lipidomic data (NEG mode) of muscle samples from fresh water sampling.

Salmon feed experiment: Lipidomic data (NEG mode) of liver samples from fresh water sampling.

Negative mode lipidomics of liver samples from saltwater sampling.

Positive mode metabolomics of muscle samples from saltwater sampling.

Muscle samples (salt water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Columns: Compound 8.60_759.5784n Compound ID GPCho(12:0/22:1) Accepted? Adducts M+H, M+Na Formula C42H82NO8P Score 51,1 Fragmentation Score 62,1 Mass Error (ppm) 0,808672852 Isotope Similarity 94,59106017 Theoretical Isotope Distribution 100 - 47 - 12.5 - 2.39 - 0.367 Link http://nonlinear.com/redirect/outbound?p=lipidblast&param=GPCho%2812%3A0%2F22%3A1%29 Description GPCho(12:0/22:1) Neutral ...

Liver samples (salt water sampling) - Identification of compounds based on the LipidBlast database.

Columns: Compound 8.60_759.5784n Compound ID GPCho(12:0/22:1) Accepted? Adducts M+H, M+Na Formula C42H82NO8P Score 51,1 Fragmentation Score 62,1 Mass Error (ppm) 0,808672852 Isotope Similarity 94,59106017 Theoretical Isotope Distribution 100 - 47 - 12.5 - 2.39 - 0.367 Link http://nonlinear.com/redirect/outbound?p=lipidblast¶m=GPCho%2812%3A0%2F22%3A1%29 Description GPCho(12:0/22:1) Neutral mass (Da) ...

Source code is at https://gitlab.com/digisal/GSF1_metabolomics/. The report loads smoothly in Chrome, but is very slow to load in Firefox.

Salmon feed experiment: Lipidomic data (POS mode) of muscle samples from fresh water sampling.

Salmon feed experiment: Lipidomic data (POS mode) of liver samples from fresh water sampling.

Positive mode metabolomics of liver samples from saltwater sampling.

Positive mode metabolomics of the same muscle tissue sample at multiple levels of dilution.

Samples of 40 45 50 55 60 mg were diluted in the same volume, then analysed. The resulting data describe the same tissue at different levels of dilution. From this we can devise some numerical post-processing that would make all samples "similar" based on the mass of tissue. This post-processing could then be applied to later samples given their mass.

NOTE: Sample does not come from the salmon feed-switch ...

Extraction procedure and lipid analysis.

DigiSal Metabolomics and Lipidomics Update

Conclusion:

• Organic acid test ok
• Next

1. Analyze all samples for OA (or selection? – include days and feed variation)
2. Then aminoacids?
3. Evaluate results – choose some samples for CapIC?

Data modelling methods that are capable of maintaining block structure, as for example the block structure of the blocks of lipid classes, are called multi-block methods e.g. Consensus Principal Component Analysis (CPCA) and Multi-block Partial Least Squares Regression (MBPLSR). CPCA and MBPLR are two large families of MB methods. The developed methods can still be transferred to other data analysis methods. CPCA and MBPLSR which are extensions of PCA and PLSR to multi-block data sets can be ...