Salmon farming in the future must navigate conflicting and shifting demands of sustainability, shifting feed prices, disease, and product quality. The industry needs to develop a flexible, integrated basis of knowledge for rapid response to new challenges. The Digital Salmon will be an ensemble of mathematical descriptions of salmon physiology, combining mathematics, high-dimensional data analysis, computer science and measurement technology with genomics and experimental biology into a concerted ...

Salmon farmed on modern feeds contains less of the healthy, long-chain fatty acids (EPA and DHA) than before. Up until the turn of the millennium, farmed salmon were fed fish oil as a replacement for their omega-3 rich natural prey. However, fish oil is now a scarce resource, and more than half of the fat in modern feeds comes from plant oils that are inexpensive, but devoid of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. How can we increase the omega-3 content of salmon on sustainable feeds?

One option is ...

Atlantic salmon is a main source of essential ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in many Western diets, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). However, farmed salmon meat now contains less healthy ω-3 fatty acids (FA) than before, due to the shift from marine to vegetable lipid feed sources. An important future aquaculture challenge is therefore to maintain a healthy and high EPA/DHA content when farmed salmon is fed a vegetable ...

This experiment is designed to pinpoint where in the metabolic network there are differences between salmon of different genetic families and on different diets. Analyses of this material will help inform feeding and breeding strategies.

Salmon will be reared on feeds with contrasting levels of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Then some fish will be crossed over to the other diet while others remain as controls. This perturbation of diet should provoke changes in omega-3 metabolism ...

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipid class quantitation for liver tissue samples (POS mode).

Lipid class abbreviations used: CE, cholesterol esters FC, free cholesterol Cer, ceramides HexCer, hexosyl ceramides (ie. galactosyl and glucosyl ceramides) MG, monoacylglycerols DG, diacylglycerols TG, triacylglycerols LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines PC, phosphatidylcholines PE, phosphatidylethanolamines PG, phosphatidylglycerols SM, sphingomyelins.

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipid class quantitation for muscle tissue samples (POS mode).

Lipid class abbreviations used: CE, cholesterol esters FC, free cholesterol Cer, ceramides HexCer, hexosyl ceramides (ie. galactosyl and glucosyl ceramides) MG, monoacylglycerols DG, diacylglycerols TG, triacylglycerols LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines PC, phosphatidylcholines PE, phosphatidylethanolamines PG, phosphatidylglycerols SM, sphingomyelins.

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipidomic data (POS mode) of gut tissue samples.

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipidomic data (POS mode) of muscle tissue samples.

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipid identification for muscle tissue samples (POS mode).

Lipid abbreviations used: CE, cholesterol esters Cer, ceramides GalCer, galactosyl ceramides GluCer, glucosyl ceramides MG, monoacylglycerols DG, diacylglycerols TG, triacylglycerols LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines PC, phosphatidylcholines PE, phosphatidylethanolamines PG, phosphatidylglycerols PI, phosphatidylinositols PS, phosphatidylserines SM, sphingomyelins.

The 'O-' ...

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipid identification for liver tissue samples (POS mode).

Lipid abbreviations used: CE, cholesterol esters Cer, ceramides GalCer, galactosyl ceramides GluCer, glucosyl ceramides MG, monoacylglycerols DG, diacylglycerols TG, triacylglycerols LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines PC, phosphatidylcholines PE, phosphatidylethanolamines PG, phosphatidylglycerols PI, phosphatidylinositols PS, phosphatidylserines SM, sphingomyelins.

The 'O-' ...

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipid identification for gut tissue samples (POS mode).

Lipid abbreviations used: CE, cholesterol esters Cer, ceramides GalCer, galactosyl ceramides GluCer, glucosyl ceramides MG, monoacylglycerols DG, diacylglycerols TG, triacylglycerols LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines PC, phosphatidylcholines PE, phosphatidylethanolamines PG, phosphatidylglycerols PI, phosphatidylinositols PS, phosphatidylserines SM, sphingomyelins.

The 'O-' prefix ...

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipid class quantitation for gut tissue samples (POS mode).

Lipid class abbreviations used: CE, cholesterol esters FC, free cholesterol Cer, ceramides HexCer, hexosyl ceramides (ie. galactosyl and glucosyl ceramides) MG, monoacylglycerols DG, diacylglycerols TG, triacylglycerols LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines PC, phosphatidylcholines PE, phosphatidylethanolamines PG, phosphatidylglycerols SM, sphingomyelins.

Salmon feed switch experiment: Lipidomics data (POS mode) of liver samples.

DigiSal Metabolomics and Lipidomics Update

Conclusion:

• Organic acid test ok
• Next

1. Analyze all samples for OA (or selection? – include days and feed variation)
2. Then aminoacids?
3. Evaluate results – choose some samples for CapIC?

Data modelling methods that are capable of maintaining block structure, as for example the block structure of the blocks of lipid classes, are called multi-block methods e.g. Consensus Principal Component Analysis (CPCA) and Multi-block Partial Least Squares Regression (MBPLSR). CPCA and MBPLR are two large families of MB methods. The developed methods can still be transferred to other data analysis methods. CPCA and MBPLSR which are extensions of PCA and PLSR to multi-block data sets can be ...