Assays

This assay captures metadata associated with bacterial extraction procedures, documenting the experimental parameters, sample identifiers, reagents, and procedural conditions used during the isolation and extraction of bacterial material from biological or environmental samples. It serves as a standardized record-keeping component that accompanies downstream analytical assays, ensuring traceability and reproducibility by cataloging key variables such as sample source, extraction method, instrument ...

Flow cytometry is a laser-based, high-throughput single-cell analysis technique used to simultaneously measure multiple physical and fluorescent characteristics of cells or particles in suspension. This assay quantifies cell populations based on parameters such as cell size (forward scatter), granularity (side scatter), and fluorescence intensity of labeled surface or intracellular markers, enabling immunophenotyping, cell cycle analysis, viability assessment, and functional studies. Samples are ...

DNA extraction is a fundamental laboratory procedure used to isolate and purify genomic DNA from biological samples for downstream molecular analyses. This assay encompasses the collection of relevant metadata associated with the extraction process, including sample identifiers, source material type, extraction method or kit utilized, instrument parameters, operator information, and quality control metrics such as DNA yield and purity (e.g., A260/A280 ratios). Standardized metadata capture ensures ...

Short read sequencing is a high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach used to determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA fragments, enabling detection of genetic variants, gene expression profiles, or genomic features depending on the library preparation strategy employed. This assay involves fragmentation of input nucleic acids, adapter ligation, and amplification prior to sequencing on short-read platforms (such as Illumina), generating millions of short sequence reads ...

This assay quantifies gene expression at single-cell resolution by linking individual cell transcriptomic profiles to associated experimental or clinical data, enabling integrative analysis across multiple data modalities. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is employed to capture and measure the transcriptional activity of individual cells, generating high-dimensional expression matrices that are subsequently processed through quality control, normalization, and dimensionality ...

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) is a hybrid nuclear medicine imaging assay that simultaneously measures functional metabolic activity and anatomical structure within the body. Radioactive tracers (typically 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, FDG) are administered to the subject, and their differential uptake is detected by the PET component to quantify metabolic or biochemical processes, while the CT component provides high-resolution structural localization. The "Data ...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a histological technique that detects and localizes specific proteins or antigens within tissue sections through the use of labeled antibodies, enabling assessment of protein expression, distribution, and abundance in a spatially resolved context. Tissue samples are typically fixed, embedded, sectioned, and subjected to antigen retrieval prior to incubation with primary and secondary antibodies conjugated to detectable reporters such as enzymatic or fluorescent labels. ...

This assay captures administrative and clinical metadata associated with patient study visits, serving as a structured data collection framework rather than a biological measurement assay. It records visit-level contextual information such as visit dates, timepoints, subject identifiers, clinical site details, and protocol-relevant annotations that are essential for linking experimental samples and assay results to their proper clinical context. This metadata layer ensures traceability and data ...

This assay captures metadata associated with tissue collection procedures, documenting critical provenance and contextual information for biological specimens obtained from study subjects. It records standardized parameters such as tissue type, anatomical source, collection method, preservation conditions, and relevant donor or sample identifiers to ensure traceability and reproducibility across downstream experimental workflows. This metadata serves as a foundational record linking collected ...

This assay captures administrative and clinical metadata associated with patient study visits, serving as a structured data collection framework rather than a biological measurement assay. It records visit-level contextual information such as visit dates, timepoints, subject identifiers, clinical site details, and protocol-relevant annotations that are essential for linking experimental samples and assay results to their proper clinical context. This metadata layer ensures traceability and data ...

A titer assay designed to quantify the concentration or activity level of a specific biological agent (such as a virus, antibody, or other biomolecule) in a given sample, with results linked to associated experimental datasets for integrated analysis. The assay employs serial dilution methodology to determine the highest dilution at which a detectable response or activity is observed, providing a standardized endpoint titer value. Results are systematically recorded and cross-referenced with ...

This assay evaluates the binding affinity and interaction of test compounds or biological molecules (such as antibodies or Fc-fusion proteins) to Fc receptors (FcRs), which are critical mediators of immune effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis. Binding interactions are quantified using established biochemical or biophysical detection methodologies, enabling characterization of Fc-FcR engagement relevant to the functional activity of ...

Antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis evaluates antibody-mediated uptake of targets by neutrophils. It measures fluorescence or imaging-based signals to assess innate immune activity. Input: Antibody-labeled target cells and neutrophils Output: Phagocytosis data file indicating neutrophil uptake efficiency.

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis measures immune cell uptake of antibody-coated targets. The assay quantifies phagocytic activity as an indicator of antibody function and cellular response. Input: Antibody-treated target cells and effector cells Output: Phagocytosis data file (e.g., fluorescence or imaging-based readouts).

A linear mixed model (LMM) statistical framework applied to linked biomedical datasets to assess associations between variables of interest while accounting for both fixed effects and random effects, such as repeated measures, familial relatedness, or population stratification. This analytical approach enables the estimation of effect sizes, variance components, and statistical significance across complex, hierarchically structured data. Results are derived from integrated or linked data sources, ...

A titer assay designed to quantify the concentration or activity level of a specific biological agent (such as a virus, antibody, or other biomolecule) in a given sample, with results linked to associated experimental datasets for integrated analysis. The assay employs serial dilution methodology to determine the highest dilution at which a detectable response or activity is observed, providing a standardized endpoint titer value. Results are systematically recorded and cross-referenced with ...

Antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis evaluates antibody-mediated uptake of targets by neutrophils. It measures fluorescence or imaging-based signals to assess innate immune activity. Input: Antibody-labeled target cells and neutrophils Output: Phagocytosis data file indicating neutrophil uptake efficiency.

Antibody-dependent NK cell activation measures natural killer (NK) cell responses triggered by antibody-coated targets. The assay detects cytokine release or surface marker expression as indicators of immune activation. Input: Antibody-treated target cells and NK effector cells Output: Cytometric or fluorescence data representing NK activation levels.

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis measures immune cell uptake of antibody-coated targets. The assay quantifies phagocytic activity as an indicator of antibody function and cellular response. Input: Antibody-treated target cells and effector cells Output: Phagocytosis data file (e.g., fluorescence or imaging-based readouts).

This assay evaluates the binding interactions between immunoglobulin Fc regions and Fc receptors (FcRs), providing quantitative characterization of antibody-receptor engagement relevant to effector function assessment. Binding affinities, kinetics, or relative binding levels are measured using established ligand-binding or biophysical methodologies, which may include surface plasmon resonance (SPR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based platforms, or flow cytometry-based approaches ...

This assay quantifies the ability of antibodies to mediate neutrophil-driven phagocytosis of target antigens (such as viral particles, bacteria, or opsonized beads), serving as a functional measure of antibody-mediated innate immune effector activity. Primary human neutrophils or neutrophil-like cell lines are incubated with fluorescently labeled antigen-antibody complexes, and phagocytic uptake is assessed by flow cytometry to determine the proportion of neutrophils that have internalized the ...

Antibody-dependent NK cell activation analysis processes activation readouts to quantify NK cell responses. It compiles signal intensities or cytokine levels to compare antibody-mediated activation across conditions. Input: Raw NK cell activation data Output: Processed activation summaries and response metrics.

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis analysis processes raw uptake data to quantify immune cell activity. It calculates phagocytic scores, normalizes results, and generates comparative summaries. Input: Raw phagocytosis data Output: Processed activity metrics and visualized response profiles.

This assay captures metadata associated with tissue collection procedures, documenting critical provenance and contextual information for biological specimens obtained from study subjects. It records standardized parameters such as tissue type, anatomical source, collection method, preservation conditions, and relevant donor or sample identifiers to ensure traceability and reproducibility across downstream experimental workflows. This metadata serves as a foundational record linking collected ...

Flow cytometry is a laser-based, high-throughput single-cell analysis technique used to simultaneously measure multiple physical and fluorescent characteristics of cells or particles in suspension. This assay quantifies cell populations based on parameters such as cell size (forward scatter), granularity (side scatter), and fluorescence intensity of labeled surface or intracellular markers, enabling immunophenotyping, cell cycle analysis, viability assessment, and functional studies. Samples are ...

This assay captures metadata associated with tissue collection procedures, documenting critical provenance and contextual information for biological specimens obtained from study subjects. It records standardized parameters such as tissue type, anatomical source, collection method, preservation conditions, and relevant donor or sample identifiers to ensure traceability and reproducibility across downstream experimental workflows. This metadata serves as a foundational record linking collected ...

This assay characterizes the glycosylation profile of biological samples by analyzing the composition, structure, and abundance of glycan moieties attached to proteins or other biomolecules. Standard glycosylation analysis workflows typically involve sample preparation steps such as enzymatic release of N-linked glycans (e.g., via PNGase F treatment), followed by labeling or derivatization and separation using chromatographic or electrophoretic techniques (such as HPLC, UHPLC, or capillary ...

Library preparation converts extracted nucleic acids into sequencing-ready libraries. The process includes fragmentation, adapter ligation, and amplification to generate consistent input for sequencing instruments. Input: TIS, CEL, DNA or RNA sample Output: Indexed sequencing library suitable for sequencing assays.

A Luminex assay quantifies multiple analytes simultaneously using color-coded microspheres and fluorescence detection. The assay measures cytokines, antibodies, or proteins within a single multiplexed reaction. Input: Biological sample Output: Multiplex fluorescence data file representing analyte concentrations.

This assay employs an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology to quantitatively detect and measure specific analytes (such as proteins, antibodies, or other biomolecules) in biological samples. The technique utilizes antibody-antigen interactions coupled with enzymatic signal amplification to generate colorimetric or fluorometric readouts proportional to analyte concentration. Sample preparation, incubation conditions, wash steps, and detection reagents are performed according to ...